Personal Experience

My memories of home building started when I was very young, I can vaguely remember as a very small child maybe 5 or 6 being with my father while he was building our first house.
Move ahead several years and two homes later built by Family and friends in which my parents played the part of General Contractors themselves. The whole process was not very quick. Following is the chronological order as I remember it.
Not being part of the whole planning and permitting phase I can not add that to the list, However you need to factor that in as well.

1. search several months for a suitable piece of property and purchase
2. Clear said property.
3. Grade and pour foundation
4. add utilities
5. start the building process with the floor, then outside, and load bearing walls and roof
6. non load bearing walls and windows and doors
7. plumbing, electrical
8. insulate
9. Drywall, hang, tape, texture and paint
10. install cabinetry
11. flooring and trim, toilets, sinks, lighting etc.
12. Move in

Remember as do it yourselfers any part of this that could be done without hiring pros was. this added greatly to the amount of time that it took to complete both homes, especially when you factor in the learning curve. Once completed the homes were very nice and everything was done to my parents satisfaction and at a much lower price tag than having it done by somebody else.
All this took several months and if I remember correctly, very close to a year or more. the order may not be exactly proper but it is the way I remember it and this is not counting the landscaping.
I have seen builders put up houses in very short amounts of time. if you are in a rush you may want to go that route instead of build it yourself.
My Brother is soon to start His own build which of course I will be helping I plan to keep and update here hopefully with some pics as well